{"id":850,"date":"2010-09-11T20:04:12","date_gmt":"2010-09-11T20:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.musekautas.puslapiai.lt\/?p=850"},"modified":"2019-02-10T21:09:19","modified_gmt":"2019-02-10T19:09:19","slug":"paprastoji-tukle-pinguicula-vulgaris","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=850","title":{"rendered":"Paprastoji tukl\u0117 &#8211; Pinguicula vulgaris"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-6048\" src=\"http:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/paprastoji-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Paprastoji tukl\u0117\" width=\"108\" height=\"108\" \/>Paprastoji tukl\u0117<\/strong> (<em>Pinguicula vulgaris<\/em>) &#8211; viena i\u0161 pla\u010diausiai paplitusi\u0173 tukli\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. J\u012f sutinkama \u0161iauriniame pusrutulyje Europoje, Azijoje, \u0160iaur\u0117s Amerikoje. Tai &#8211; \u0161al\u010diui atspari vidutini\u0173 platum\u0173 tukli\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is. Ji taip pat sutinkama ir \u0161iaurin\u0117se platumose &#8211; Aliaskoje, Grenlandijoje.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sutinkama r\u016b\u0161is ir Lietuvoje, pelk\u0117se, grioviuose, dr\u0117gnose pievose. Ta\u010diau yra apyret\u0117, tod\u0117l saugotina.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Pavadinimas,\u00a0 jo reik\u0161m\u0117<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pilnas pavadinimas &#8211;<em>Pinguicula vulgaris <\/em>(L).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pavadinimai kitomis kalbomis: angli\u0161kai &#8211; Common Butterwort, Bog-Violet, Violet Butterwort,\u00a0 voki\u0161kai &#8211; Gemeines Fettkraut,\u00a0 \u010deki\u0161kai &#8211; Spole\u010dn\u00e1 tu\u010dnice, pranc\u016bzi\u0161kai &#8211; Grassette commune. <a href=\"http:\/\/translate.google.com\/?hl=lt&amp;tab=wT#en|af|Common%20Butterwort\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Virtuali\u0173 vert\u0117j\u0173 pagalba<\/a> galima su\u017einoti \u0161io augalo pavadinim\u0105 ir kitomis kalbomis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kiekvienos r\u016b\u0161ies mokslinis (binominis) pavadinimas sudarytas i\u0161 dviej\u0173 \u017eod\u017ei\u0173, nusakan\u010di\u0173 gent\u012f ir r\u016b\u0161\u012f, skliaustuose nurodant r\u016b\u0161\u012f apra\u0161iusi\u0173 mokslinink\u0173 pavardes ar j\u0173 trumpinius).\u00a0 Genties pavadinimas \u201c<em>Pinguicula<\/em>\u201d kil\u0119s i\u0161 lotyni\u0161ko \u017eod\u017eio \u201c<em>pinguis<\/em>\u201c, rei\u0161kian\u010dio \u201cplok\u0161\u010dias\u201d. Ir tai atspindi daugumos tukli\u0173 i\u0161vaizd\u0105 \u2013 jos turi gana plok\u0161\u010dias, prie substrato pavir\u0161iaus prigludusias lap\u0173 skroteles. Antrasis pavadinimo \u017eodis, apibr\u0117\u017eiantis konkre\u010di\u0105 r\u016b\u0161\u012f, \u201c<em>vulgaris<\/em>\u201d rei\u0161kia &#8222;paprastoji&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sistematin\u0117 pad\u0117tis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Karalyst\u0117 \u2013 Augalai (<em>Plantae<\/em>), skyrius \u2013 Magnolij\u016bnai (<em>Magnoliophyta<\/em>),\u00a0 klas\u0117 \u2013 Magnolijainiai (<em>Magnoliopsida<\/em>),\u00a0 poklasis\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 Notrelia\u017eied\u017eiai (<em>Lamiidae<\/em>), \u0161eima \u2013 Skendeniniai (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=2302\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Lentibulariaceae<\/em><\/a>),\u00a0 gentis \u2013 Tukl\u0117\u00a0 (<em>Pinguicula<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Genties viduje <em>P. vulgaris <\/em>priskiriama <em>Pinguicula <\/em>pogen\u010diui, <em>Pinguicula <\/em>grupei.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 246px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/354px-Illustration_Pinguicula_vulgaris0.jpg\" alt='' width=\"236\" height=\"400\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thom\u00e9 pie\u0161inys, 1885. \u0160altinis &#8211; http:\/\/www.biolib.de\/<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Artradimas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 augal\u0105 apra\u0161\u0117 Karlas Lin\u0117jus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Morfologija ir augimo ypatumai<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Augalas turi lap\u0173 skrotel\u0119. Lap\u0173 vir\u0161utin\u0117 pus\u0117 \u0161viesiai \u017ealia, su liaukomis. Lapai apie 5 cm ilgio. Lap\u0173 pavir\u0161ius lipnus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u017diedko\u010di\u0173 b\u016bna iki 6, kiekvienas tik su vienu melsvu \u017eiedu. \u017dydi gegu\u017e\u0117s \u2013 liepos m\u0117nesiais. Vaisius \u2013 apskrita d\u0117\u017eut\u0117. S\u0117klos labai smulkios.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Auga samanin\u0117se ir \u0161altiniuotose pelk\u0117se, \u0161lapiose ir u\u017epelk\u0117jusiose pievose, pagrioviuose.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nat\u016braliomis s\u0105lygomis dauginasi daugiausia s\u0117klomis, re\u010diau &#8211; dukterin\u0117mis skrotel\u0117mis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Auginimas dirbtin\u0117se s\u0105lygose<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0160i tukli\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is tikrai n\u0117ra skirta pradedantiesiems vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017ei\u0173 augintojams. Nebent j\u0105 nor\u0117tum\u0117m auginti lauke, nat\u016braliomis s\u0105lygomis. Tuo atveju jai tinka saul\u0117ta ir dr\u0117gna vieta. Paprastoji tukl\u0117 m\u0117gsta, kai jos \u0161aknys yra s\u0105lyginai v\u0117sesn\u0117je aplinkoje nei ant\u017eemin\u0117 augalo dalis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Auginti galima gyvuose kiminuose arba durpiniame substrate, kuriame reik\u0117t\u0173 padidinti rupaus sm\u0117lio kiek\u012f. Substratas turi b\u016bti nuolatos dr\u0117gnas, nors trumpalaikius perd\u017ei\u016bvimus \u0161is augalas gali nesunkiai pak\u0119sti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Augalas jautrus drusk\u0173 koncentracijai dirvo\u017eemyje, jo nereikia tr\u0119\u0161ti &#8211; visomis reikalingomis maisto med\u017eiagomis, kuri\u0173 paprastoji tukl\u0117 negauna \u0161aknin\u0117s mitybos d\u0117ka, augalas apsir\u016bpina gaudydamas smulkius vabzd\u017eius.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aktyvaus augimo laikotarpiu augalas n\u0117ra labai i\u0161rankus aplinkos s\u0105lygoms. Jis gali augti tiek lauke, tiek patalpose (ant pietin\u0117s ekspozicijos palangi\u0173). \u017diemos metu augalui reikt\u0173 sudaryti ne auk\u0161tesn\u0117s nei keleto laipsni\u0173 \u0161ilumos temperat\u016bros s\u0105lygas, nuolatos palaikant dr\u0117gm\u0119. \u017diem\u0105 paprastoji tukl\u0117 suformuoja \u017eiemojant\u012f pumpur\u0105, ir taip praleid\u017eia nepalankias augimui s\u0105lygas. Pavasar\u012f \u0161is pumpuras i\u0161siskleid\u017eia, susiformuoja vasarin\u0117 skrotel\u0117 su med\u017eiojan\u010diais vabzd\u017eius lapais.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dirbtinai galima dauginti skaidant senesnes skroteles arba lapais. Ta\u010diau \u0161i\u0173 augal\u0173 skrotel\u0117se lap\u0173 negausu, tod\u0117l ir dauginimo i\u0161eiga yra gerokai ma\u017eesn\u0117 nei daugelio tukli\u0173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Trumpa kult\u016broje auginamos paprastosios tukl\u0117s fotosesija:<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style>\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-850 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6044'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250549-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6043'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250548-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6042'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250522-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6045'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250552-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6041'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250560-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6046'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250554-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?attachment_id=6047'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/09\/P1250559-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"Pinguicula vulgaris\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl>\n\t\t\t<br style='clear: both' \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Informacijos \u0161altiniai:<\/em><\/span><strong><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>Casper, S. J.: Monographie der Gattung Pinguicula, (Bibliotheca Botanica, Heft 127\/128), 1966, Stuttgart;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Cieslak, Thomas; Polepalli, Jai Santosh; White, Adam; M\u00fcller, Kai; Borsch, Thomas; Barthlott, Wilhelm; Steiger, Juerg; Marchant, Adam; Legendre, Laurent: <\/em><em>Phylogenetic analysis of &#8216;Pinguicula <\/em><em>(Lentibulariaceae): chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology support several geographically distinct radiations, 2005, Am. J. Bot. 92: 1723 &#8211; 1736 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.amjbot.org\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/92\/10\/1723\" rel=\"nofollow\">Abstract;<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Schlauer, Jan: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.omnisterra.com\/bot\/cp_home.cgi\" rel=\"nofollow\">Carnivorous Plant Database<\/a>, version Nov. 15, 16:25;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thom\u00e9 <\/em><em>Flora von Deutschland, \u00d6sterreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.biolib.de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0160altinis;<\/a><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Wikipedia.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Jogaila Mackevi\u010dius<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Paprastoji tukl\u0117 (Pinguicula vulgaris) &#8211; viena i\u0161 pla\u010diausiai paplitusi\u0173 tukli\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. J\u012f sutinkama \u0161iauriniame pusrutulyje Europoje, Azijoje, \u0160iaur\u0117s Amerikoje. Tai &#8211; \u0161al\u010diui atspari vidutini\u0173 platum\u0173 tukli\u0173 r\u016b\u0161is. Ji taip pat sutinkama ir \u0161iaurin\u0117se platumose &#8211; Aliaskoje, Grenlandijoje. Sutinkama r\u016b\u0161is ir Lietuvoje, pelk\u0117se, grioviuose, dr\u0117gnose pievose. Ta\u010diau yra apyret\u0117, tod\u0117l saugotina.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[317,938,348,505],"class_list":["post-850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pinguicula","tag-paprastoji-tukle","tag-pinguicula","tag-pinguicula-vulgaris","tag-tukles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/850","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=850"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/850\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=850"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=850"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=850"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}