{"id":3200,"date":"2011-09-06T07:07:17","date_gmt":"2011-09-06T04:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=3200"},"modified":"2019-02-12T20:30:16","modified_gmt":"2019-02-12T18:30:16","slug":"sistematika-pseudovabzdziaedziai-piestuniniai-stilidaceae-stilidium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=3200","title":{"rendered":"Sistematika. Pseudovabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017eiai. Piest\u016bniniai – Stylidaceae. Stylidium"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u017diedini\u0173 augal\u0173 \u0161eima, kuriai dabar priskiriama iki 300 augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. \u0160eim\u0105 pirmasis i\u0161samiai savo monografijoje apra\u0161\u0117 vokie\u010di\u0173 botanikas Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed<\/a> 1908 metais.<\/p>\n

<\/a>

Stylidium dichotoma. Charles Lemaire, Flore des serres et des jardins de l\u2019Europe (1850, volume 6, plate 606)<\/p><\/div>\n

Sistematin\u0117 \u0161eimos pad\u0117tis: Karalyst\u0117 \u2013 Augalai (Plantae<\/em>), skyrius \u2013 Magnolij\u016bnai (Magnoliophyta<\/em>), klas\u0117 \u2013 Magnolijainiai (Magnoliopsida<\/em>), eil\u0117 \u2013 Astrie\u010diai (Asterales<\/em>), \u0161eima \u2013 Piest\u016bniniai (Stylidaceae<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u0160eimoje yra 5 gentys: Forstera, Levenhookia, Oreostylidium, Phyllachne ir Stylidium. <\/em>Gentis atrasta visai nesenai, \u00a01981 buvo \u017einoma tik \u00a0155 jos r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 atstov\u0173, o 2002 metu duomenimis \u017einom\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 skai\u010dius gerokai i\u0161augo (Forstera <\/em>– 5, Levenhookia<\/em> – 10, Oreostylidium <\/em>– 1, Phyllachne<\/em> – 4, Stylidium <\/em>– 221). \u00a0Atrandamos ir apra\u0161omos vis naujos r\u016b\u0161ys, ypa\u010d Stylidium <\/em>gentyje. B\u016btent apie pastarosios genties atstovus toliau ir kalb\u0117sime, nes tik jie vieni priklauso pseudovabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017eiams<\/a> augalams.<\/p>\n

Piest\u016bn\u0117 <\/strong>(Stylidium<\/em>)<\/p>\n

Manoma, kad gentyje yra apie 300 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. Kol kas tinkamai apra\u0161yta tik 240.<\/p>\n

Da\u017eniausia tai – Australijos ir Naujosios Zelandijos endemikai.<\/p>\n

D\u0117l savo unikalios \u017eiedo sandaros \u0161ie augalai dar vadinami „trigeriniais augalais”.<\/p>\n

Angli\u0161kai \u017eodis „trigger” \u2014 spragtukas, (ginklo) gaidukas. Trigeris – elektroninis, pneumatinis arba hidraulinis \u012ftaisas, galintis nuolat b\u016bti vienoje i\u0161 2 stabili\u0173 pusiausvyros b\u016bsen\u0173 ir per\u0161okantis i\u0161 vienos b\u016bsenos \u012f kit\u0105, tik paveikus i\u0161oriniam signalui.<\/p>\n

Mokslinis augalo pavadinimas kil\u0119s ne i\u0161 lotyni\u0161ko, bet i\u0161 graiki\u0161ko \u017eod\u017eio „stylos” – kolona.<\/p>\n

Piest\u016bn\u0117s \u017eiedas apsidulkina savoti\u0161ko darinio i\u0161 suaugusi\u0173 piestel\u0117s ir kuokeli\u0173. Prisiartinus ir nut\u016bpus vabzd\u017eiui, sujudinus \u017eied\u0105, trigeris apiberia vabzd\u012f \u017eiedadulk\u0117mis.<\/p>\n

Stylidium debile \u017eiedyno fragmentas<\/p><\/div>\n

Piest\u016bn\u0117s retai b\u016bna vienme\u010diai augalai. Da\u017eniausiai tai daugiamet\u0117s \u017eol\u0117s, kartais turin\u010dios po\u017eeminius svog\u016bn\u0117lius, kuriuose kaupiasi maisto med\u017eiagos. Augalai formuoja lap\u0173 skrotel\u0119 prie \u017eem\u0117s, turi s\u0105lyginai ilgus \u017eiedynstiebius.<\/p>\n

Visas augalo pavir\u0161ius padengtas med\u017eiojan\u010diais liaukiniais plaukeliais, sugeban\u010diais prisivilioti ir pagauti vabzd\u017eius. Vabzd\u017eiai, kuriuos augalas med\u017eioja yra gerokai ma\u017eesni nei tie, kurie j\u012f apdulkina.<\/p>\n

Vis labiau sistematikai link\u0119 priskirti \u0161\u012f augal\u0105 tikriesiems vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017eiams augalams, nes atsiranda \u012frodym\u0173, kad \u0161ie augalai ne tik i\u0161skiria proteazes (vir\u0161kinimo fermentus), bet ir absorbuoti proteazi\u0173 veiklos pasekoje atsilaisvinusias med\u017eiagas.<\/p>\n

Piest\u016bn\u0117s s\u0117kmingai auginamos dirbtin\u0117mis s\u0105lygomis auginant jas durpiniame substrate. Substrato dr\u0117gm\u0119 reikt\u0173 palaikyti pana\u0161iai kaip ir kitiems vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017eiams augalams (pavyzd\u017eiui, sarac\u0117nijoms, saula\u0161ar\u0117ms). Dauguma r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 yra atsparios \u0161al\u010diui (-1 – -2\u00b0C).<\/p>\n

Dauginimas s\u0117klomis labai komplikuotas. Ta\u010diau augalai gerai dauginasi skrotel\u0117s dalimis.<\/p>\n

Informacijos \u0161altiniai:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Wikipedia<\/a>,<\/em><\/li>\n
  2. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine. (1832). Stylidium scandens, Volume 59: Plate 3136.<\/em><\/li>\n
  3. Good, R. (1925). On the Geographical Distribution of the Stylidiaceae. New Phytologist, 24(4): 225-240.<\/em><\/li>\n
  4. Laurent, N., Bremer, B., Bremer, K. (1998). Phylogeny and Generic Interrelationships of the Stylidiaceae (Asterales), with a Possible Extreme Case of Floral Paedomorphosis. Systematic Botany, 23(3): 289-304.<\/em><\/li>\n
  5. Erickson, Rica. (1961). An introduction to triggerplants. Australian Plants, 1(9): 15-17. (Available online: HTML)<\/em><\/li>\n
  6. Darnowski, Douglas W. (2002). Triggerplants. Australia: Rosenberg Publishing. ISBN 1-877058-03-3<\/em><\/li>\n
  7. Findlay, G.P. and Pallaghy, C.K. (1978). Potassium chloride in the motor tissue of Stylidium. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5(2): 219 – 229. (Abstract available online: HTML)<\/em><\/li>\n
  8. Armbruster, W.S., Edwards, M.E., Debevec, E.M. (1994). Floral Character Displacement Generates Assemblage Structure of Western Australian Triggerplants (Stylidium). Ecology, 75(2): 315-329.<\/em><\/li>\n
  9. Findlay, G.P. (1978) Movement of the Column of Stylidium crassifolium as a Function of Temperature. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 5(4): 477-484.<\/em><\/li>\n
  10. Armbruster, W. S., and N. Muchhala. 2009. Associations between floral specialization and species diversity: cause, effect, or correlation? Evolutionary Ecology, 23: 159-179.<\/em><\/li>\n
  11. Darnowski, D.W., Carroll, D.M., P\u0142achno, B., Kabanoff, E., and Cinnamon, E. (2006). Evidence of protocarnivory in triggerplants (Stylidium spp.; Stylidiaceae). Plant Biology, 8(6): 805-812. (Abstract online: HTML)<\/em><\/li>\n
  12. Darnowski, D., Moberly, S., and Plachno, B. 2007. Triggerplants (Stylidium spp.; Stylidiaceae): A Previously Unrecognized Genus of Carnivorous Plants. Proceedings of the 2007 Botany and Plant Biology Joint Congress, Botanical Society of America. Abstract accessed online: 21 March 2007.<\/em><\/li>\n
  13. Information from a October 26, 2004 edition of „Talking Plants”, a program of the Botanic Gardens Trust, a division of the New South Wales Department of Environment and Conservation<\/em><\/li>\n
  14. Carlquist, S.J. (1969). Studies in Stylidiaceae: New taxa, field observations, evolutionary tendencies. Aliso, 7: 13-64.<\/em><\/li>\n
  15. Darnowski, Douglas W. (2002). The history of triggerplants. International Triggerplant Society. (Archived, available online: HTML)<\/em><\/li>\n
  16. Wagstaff, S.J. and Wege, J. (2002). Patterns of diversification in New Zealand Stylidiaceae. American Journal of Botany, 89(5): 865-874. (Available online: HTML or PDF versions)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Jogaila Mackevi\u010dius<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u017diedini\u0173 augal\u0173 \u0161eima, kuriai dabar priskiriama iki 300 augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. \u0160eim\u0105 pirmasis i\u0161samiai savo monografijoje apra\u0161\u0117 vokie\u010di\u0173 botanikas Gottfried Wilhelm Johannes Mildbraed 1908 metais. Sistematin\u0117 \u0161eimos pad\u0117tis: Karalyst\u0117 \u2013 Augalai (Plantae), skyrius \u2013 Magnolij\u016bnai (Magnoliophyta), klas\u0117 \u2013 Magnolijainiai (Magnoliopsida), eil\u0117 \u2013 Astrie\u010diai (Asterales), \u0161eima \u2013 Piest\u016bniniai (Stylidaceae). \u0160eimoje yra 5 gentys: Forstera, Levenhookia, Oreostylidium, Phyllachne […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[588],"tags":[583,584,585,362,582,581],"class_list":["post-3200","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pseudovabzdziaedziai-2","tag-piestune","tag-piestuniniai","tag-protocarnivores","tag-pseudovabzdziaedziai","tag-stylidaceae","tag-stylidium-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3200","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3200"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3200\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3200"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3200"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3200"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}