{"id":1749,"date":"2011-01-27T20:14:07","date_gmt":"2011-01-27T20:14:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.musekautas.puslapiai.lt\/?p=1749"},"modified":"2011-12-29T11:37:52","modified_gmt":"2011-12-29T09:37:52","slug":"sistematika-saracenijiniai-sarraceniaceae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=1749","title":{"rendered":"Sistematika. Sarac\u0117nijiniai – Sarraceniaceae"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sarac\u0117nijiniai<\/strong> (Sarraceniaceae <\/em>Dumortier) – nedidel\u0117 vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017ei\u0173 augal\u0173 \u0161eima, kurioje priskai\u010diuojama apie 30 augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173.<\/p>\n

\u0160eim\u0105 sudaro keturios gentys: Sarac\u0117nijos<\/strong> – Sarracenia<\/em>, Darlingtonija<\/strong> – Darlingtonia<\/em>, Heliamfora<\/strong> – Heliamphora <\/em>ir Archeamfora<\/strong> – Archaeamphpora<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sistematin\u0117 \u0161eimos pad\u0117tis: Karalyst\u0117 \u2013 Augalai (Plantae<\/em>), skyrius \u2013 Magnolij\u016bnai (Magnoliophyta<\/em>), klas\u0117 \u2013 Magnolijainiai (Magnoliopsida<\/em>), poklasis \u2013 Dilenija\u017eied\u017eiai\u00a0 (Dileniidae<\/em>), eil\u0117 \u2013 Erikie\u010diai (Ericales<\/em>), \u0161eima \u2013 Sarac\u0117nijiniai (Sarraceniaceae<\/em> Dumortier).Viena sarac\u0117nijini\u0173 \u0161eimos gentis jau senai i\u0161nykusi, viena – monotipin\u0117, likusios dvi – negausios. Visi dabar randami sarac\u0117nijiniai priskiriami prie nykstan\u010di\u0173 ir saugotin\u0173 augal\u0173. Gal visi\u0161kas i\u0161nykimas jiems ir negr\u0119sia, nes tai populiar\u016bs augalai, auginami dirbtin\u0117mis s\u0105lygomis, ta\u010diau nat\u016braliose buvein\u0117se jie yra saugomi kaip galintys i\u0161nykti.<\/p>\n

Sarac\u0117nijini\u0173 \u0161eimai priskiriama viena atrasta Kinijoje i\u0161nykusi gentis\u00a0 <\/strong> Archaeamphora<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0 Gentyje rastas vienintel\u0117s r\u016b\u0161ies augalas\u00a0Archaeamphora longicervia<\/em> <\/em>Li (2005) <\/em>yra seniausias evoliuci\u0161kai \u017einomas vabzd\u017eia\u0117dis augalas. Genties pavadinimas kildinamas i\u0161 graiki\u0161ko \u017eod\u017eio „archaios<\/em>” – senovinis, ir „amphoreus<\/em>” – \u0105sotis. R\u016b\u0161ies pavadinim\u0105 nusakantis \u017eodis yra lotyn\u0173 kilm\u0117s: „longus<\/em>” – ilgas, „cervicarius<\/em>” – su kakleliu.<\/p>\n

Morfologi\u0161kai pana\u0161i \u012f sarac\u0117nij\u0105, tik augan\u010di\u0105 ne skrotele, o turin\u010di\u0105 stieb\u0105. Augalo auk\u0161tis – apie 5 cm. Gaudykl\u0117s verpsti\u0161kos, 3-4 cm ilgiu, i\u0161sid\u0117s\u010diusios spirale aplink stieb\u0105. Ant gaudykli\u0173 tur\u0117jo kelet\u0105 gelton\u0105 \u0161vies\u0105 fluorescuojan\u010di\u0173 darini\u0173.<\/p>\n

Kita monotipin\u0117 sarac\u0117nijini\u0173 \u0161eimos gentis – Darlingtonia<\/em> <\/em>\u0161iomis dienomis irgi turi tik vien\u0105 r\u016b\u0161in\u012f atstov\u0105 – Darlingtonia californica<\/em><\/a>. R\u016b\u0161is paplitus \u0160iaur\u0117s Amerikoje. Apie Darlingtonia <\/em>gent\u012f jau buvo ra\u0161yta anks\u010diau, tod\u0117l dabar pakartotinai apie j\u0105 nei\u0161sipl\u0117siu.<\/p>\n

Sarracenia<\/em><\/a> <\/em>ir Heliamphora<\/em><\/a> gentyse r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 \u0161iek tiek daugiau. \u0160ios gentys dar vadinamos atitinkamai \u0160iaur\u0117s (Sarracenia<\/em>) ir Piet\u0173 (Heliamphora<\/em>) Amerikos \u0105sotiniais augalais. Sarac\u0117nija gentyje priskai\u010diuojama 8-11, Heliamfora – 18 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173.<\/p>\n

Visi sarac\u0117nijini\u0173 \u0161eimos augalai turi daugiau ar ma\u017eiau atviras gaudykles – t\u016btas.<\/p>\n

Papras\u010diausi\u0105 darin\u012f turi Heliamphora<\/em> genties atstovai. J\u0173 evoliucijai ir paplitimui grei\u010diausiai tur\u0117jo \u012ftakos vietov\u0117s, kuriose \u0161ie augalai sutinkami, klimatas \u2013 t.y. didelis krituli\u0173 kiekis. Heliamfor\u0173 \u0105so\u010diai n\u0117ra u\u017edari, taigi lietaus vanduo juos greitai u\u017epildo. Kad apsisaugoti nuo perpildymo vandeniu ir jau sugaut\u0173 auk\u0173 i\u0161siplovimo, saul\u0117s \u0105so\u010di\u0173 gaudykl\u0117s turi evoliucijos eigoje i\u0161sivys\u010diusi\u0105 drena\u017eo sistem\u0105, ka\u017ekuo pana\u0161i\u0105 \u012f t\u0105, kuri\u0105 mes turime vonioje pertekliniam vandeniui nub\u0117gti.<\/p>\n

Sarac\u0117nijos, pana\u0161iai kaip heliamforos, da\u017eniausiai\u00a0turi pusiau atvirus \u0105so\u010dius, ta\u010diau j\u0173 dengiamasis stogelis yra kiek didesnis, labiau apsaugantis nuo lietaus poveikio ir gaudykl\u0117s turinio i\u0161ta\u0161kymo ar i\u0161laistymo. Ta\u010diau vis tiek, daugumos sarac\u0117nij\u0173 vir\u0161kinamojo skys\u010dio did\u017ei\u0105j\u0105 dal\u012f sudaro lietaus vanduo, papildytas fermentais, simbiontin\u0117m bakterijom.<\/p>\n

Kiek kitoks evoliucijos\u00a0\u201d\u017eingsnis\u201d \u2013 darlingtonija. Jos gaudykl\u0117s anga nukreipta \u017eemyn, lietus \u012f vid\u0173 niekada neu\u017elyja, o savo turin\u012f gaudykl\u0117s u\u017epildo vandeniu, patenkan\u010diu \u012f augal\u0105 i\u0161 grunto per \u0161aknis. Ir vir\u0161kinimo ferment\u0173 darlingtonijos neturi \u2013 \u0161\u012f darb\u0105 atlieka tik\u00a0simbiontin\u0117s bakterijos.<\/p>\n

Visi sarac\u0117nijiniai spar\u010diai nyksta nat\u016braliose augimviet\u0117se d\u0117l \u017emogaus veiklos, ma\u017e\u0117jant vietovi\u0173, turin\u010di\u0173 tinkamas \u0161iems augalams s\u0105lygas. Tod\u0117l kuo toliau, tuo labiau sulaukia visuotinio d\u0117mesio, aplinkosaugini\u0173 tyrim\u0173 projekt\u0173, oficiali\u0173 tarptautini\u0173 susitarim\u0173 d\u0117l \u0161i\u0173 augal\u0173 apsaugos.<\/p>\n

Da\u017eniausiai vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017ei\u0173 augal\u0173 m\u0117g\u0117j\u0173 yra auginamos sarac\u0117nijos. Toliau populiarumo s\u0105ra\u0161e sekt\u0173 darlingtonija, o pa\u010diame gale b\u016bt\u0173 heliamforos.<\/p>\n

Informacijos \u0161altiniai:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, 5(1) tomas, Maskva, 1980, \u041660501-571\/103(03)-80-4306021000;<\/em><\/li>\n
  2. Wikipedia.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Jogaila Mackevi\u010dius<\/p>\n

    \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sarac\u0117nijiniai (Sarraceniaceae Dumortier) – nedidel\u0117 vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017ei\u0173 augal\u0173 \u0161eima, kurioje priskai\u010diuojama apie 30 augal\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. \u0160eim\u0105 sudaro keturios gentys: Sarac\u0117nijos – Sarracenia, Darlingtonija – Darlingtonia, Heliamfora – Heliamphora ir Archeamfora – Archaeamphpora. Sistematin\u0117 \u0161eimos pad\u0117tis: Karalyst\u0117 \u2013 Augalai (Plantae), skyrius \u2013 Magnolij\u016bnai (Magnoliophyta), klas\u0117 \u2013 Magnolijainiai (Magnoliopsida), poklasis \u2013 Dilenija\u017eied\u017eiai\u00a0 (Dileniidae), eil\u0117 \u2013 Erikie\u010diai (Ericales), \u0161eima […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,14,15,21],"tags":[86,931,172,173,418,420,940,433],"class_list":["post-1749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-darlingtonia","category-heli","category-ivadas","category-sarracenia","tag-californica","tag-darlingtonia","tag-heliamfora","tag-heliamphora","tag-saraceniaceae","tag-saracenijiniai","tag-sarracenia","tag-sarraceniales"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1749"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1749\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}