{"id":1479,"date":"2010-12-02T08:25:15","date_gmt":"2010-12-02T08:25:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.musekautas.puslapiai.lt\/?p=1479"},"modified":"2019-02-10T21:47:36","modified_gmt":"2019-02-10T19:47:36","slug":"skendeniai-utricularia-pirmoji-pazintis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=1479","title":{"rendered":"Skendeniai (Utricularia). Pirmoji pa\u017eintis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"width: 298px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" \" src=\"http:\/\/musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/ar cia ne tavo vabzdziaedis.jpg\" alt='' width=\"288\" height=\"216\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Utricularia sp.<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pirmoji pa\u017eintis visada b\u016bna trumpa. Skendeniai &#8211; neda\u017enai sutinkamas vabzd\u017eia\u0117dis augalas, auginamas m\u0117g\u0117j\u0173 kolekcijose Lietuvoje. Kiek da\u017eniau kai kurias r\u016b\u0161is augina akvarium\u0173 m\u0117g\u0117jai, nor\u0117dami savo sukurtame povandeniniame pasaulyje u\u017eauginti \u017eali\u0105 \u017eema\u016bg\u0117 &#8222;pievel\u0119&#8221;, o kai kurie tinka ir kaip laisvai plaukiojantys augalai.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tokia nepopuliarumo prie\u017eastis turb\u016bt labai paprasta. Skendeniai da\u017eniausiai yra labai ma\u017ei, nei\u0161vaizd\u016bs, substrato pavir\u0161iumi besidriekiantys augaliukai. Ant\u017eeminiai j\u0173 organai &#8211; lapai &#8211; gali siekti tik pus\u0119 centimetro, \u017eiedai da\u017enai i\u0161auga ant trump\u0173 \u017eiedko\u010di\u0173, yra nedideli. Nors <a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/images?hl=lt&amp;rlz=1G1GGLQ_ENLT310&amp;=&amp;q=utricularia&amp;um=1&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;source=og&amp;sa=N&amp;tab=wi&amp;biw=1004&amp;bih=599\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u017eydintys skendeniai<\/a> tikrai atrodo nuostabiai.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pasaulyje \u017einoma apie 230 skendeni\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173. Paplit\u0119 jie visame pasaulyje, nesutinkami tik arktin\u0117se zonose ir kai kuriose dykumose.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sistematin\u0117 <em>Utricularia <\/em>genties pad\u0117tis: Karalyst\u0117 \u2013 Augalai (<em>Plantae<\/em>), skyrius \u2013 Magnolij\u016bnai (<em>Magnoliophyta<\/em>), klas\u0117 \u2013 Magnolijainiai (<em>Magnoliopsida<\/em>), poklasis \u2013 Notrelia\u017eied\u017eiai (<em>Lamiidae<\/em>), \u0161eima &#8211; Skendeniniai (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=2302\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Lentibulariaceae<\/em><\/a>), gentis\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 Skendenis (<em>Utricularia<\/em>). Gentyje i\u0161skiriamos trys grup\u0117s <em>Bivalvaria<\/em>, <em>Polypompholyx<\/em>, <em>Utricularia<\/em>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 179px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" \" src=\"http:\/\/musekautas.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/351px-Illustration_Utricularia_vulgaris0.jpg\" alt='' width=\"169\" height=\"288\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">2 pav. Utricularia vulgaris<\/p><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skendeniai neturi tikr\u0173j\u0173 \u0161akn\u0173, o j\u0173 funkcij\u0105 atlieka pakit\u0119s stiebas, ant kurio i\u0161sid\u0117sto i\u0161 pakitusi\u0173 lap\u0173 susiformavusios med\u017eiojan\u010dios smulkias aukas kameros.\u00a0 Tok\u012f savit\u0105 gaudykli\u0173 tip\u0105 i\u0161vyst\u0117 vandens vabzd\u017eia\u0117d\u017eiai augalai, kurie vis\u0105 gyvenim\u0105 ar did\u017ei\u0105j\u0105 jo dal\u012f praleid\u017eia vandenyje. Kamerose susidaro ma\u017eesnis nei aplinkoje sl\u0117gis \u2013 dalinis vakuumas. Kiekviena kamera i\u0161or\u0117je turi gebant\u012f greitai atsiverti ir u\u017esiverti dangtel\u012f bei lyt\u0117jimui jautrius plaukelius. Praplaukdama pro \u0161al\u012f auka u\u017ekliudo plaukelius kameros i\u0161or\u0117je, \u0161ie perduoda impuls\u0105 dangtelio atveriamajam mechanizmui \u2013 dangtelis atsiveria\u00a0ir auka kartu su vandeniu staigiai \u012fsiurbiama vidun.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pagal poreik\u012f auginimo s\u0105lygom skendenius galima suskirstyti \u012f tris grupes: pelkiniai, vandeniniai ir pusiau vandeniniai. Pelkiniai skendeniai auga dr\u0117gnuose biotopuose &#8211;\u00a0 pelk\u0117se ir j\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diuose, \u0161lapiuose\u00a0 grioviuose, u\u017edumbl\u0117jusiuose e\u017eer\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diuose.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pusiau vandeniniai da\u017eniausiai tarpsta vandens telkini\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diuose, kur jie sezoni\u0161kai b\u016bna u\u017eliejami vandens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vandeniniai skendeniai sutinkami stovin\u010diuose ar l\u0117tai tekan\u010diuose vandenyse. \u0160ios grup\u0117s skendeniai turi kaip taisykl\u0117 ir didesnes me\u017eiojimo kameras.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Med\u017eioja skendeniai pirmuonis, smulkius nematodus, mikrokopinius v\u0117\u017eiagyvius. Skendeniai, kurie auga grunte (pelkiniai, pusiau vandeniniai) turi ma\u017eesnes kameras ir gaudo smulkesn\u012f grob\u012f. Vandenini\u0173 skendeni\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 kameros yra didesn\u0117s, jie sugeba pagaut ir dafnijas, ciklopus, o jei pasiseka &#8211; ir \u017euv\u0173 maili\u0173.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lietuvoje sutinkamos keturios skendeni\u0173 r\u016b\u0161ys:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Balinis skendenis (<em>Utricularia intermedia<\/em>);<\/li>\n<li>Ma\u017easis skendenis (<em>Utriculasria minor<\/em>);<\/li>\n<li>Gelsvasis skendenis (<em>Utricularia ochroleuca<\/em>);<\/li>\n<li>Paprastasis skendenis (<em>Utricularia vulgaris<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tik <a href=\"http:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=1676\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Utricularia vulgaris<\/em><\/a> yra da\u017enas augalas. Visos kitos r\u016b\u0161ys m\u016bs\u0173 \u0161alyje yra retos, o gelsvasis skendenis &#8211; saugomas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Akvariumuose neretai auginamas <a href=\"http:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/?p=2764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Utricularia graminifolia<\/em><\/a>, sudarantis tankius neauk\u0161tus\u00a0 s\u0105\u017ealynus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nenor\u0117\u010diau agituoti nei u\u017e, nei prie\u0161 skendenius &#8211; kiekvienas kolekcionierius turi \u012fsitikinti pats, patinka jam tas augalas, ar nepatinka.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Informacijos \u0161altiniai:<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, 5(1) tomas, Maskva, 1980, \u041660501-571\/103(03)-80-4306021000;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>James Pietropaolo, Carnivorous plants of the world, Honk Kong, 1986, ISBN 3-88192-356-7;<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia<\/a>.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Iliustracijos:<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\"><em>Lietuvos e\u017eer\u0173 pakra\u0161\u010diuose \u017eydintis Utricularia sp. Dr. Jolantos Rim\u0161ait\u0117s nuotrauka (2010);<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px;\"><em>Utricularia vulgaris. Pie\u0161inys i\u0161 leidinio \u00a0Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thom\u00e9 &#8221;Flora von Deutschland, \u00d6sterreich und der Schweiz&#8221; 1885, Gera, Vokietija (Permission granted to use under GFDL by Kurt Stueber Source)<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">Jogaila Mackevi\u010dius<br \/>\n<em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><a title=\"Utricularia subg. Utricularia\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Utricularia_subg._Utricularia\">\u00a0<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pirmoji pa\u017eintis visada b\u016bna trumpa. Skendeniai &#8211; neda\u017enai sutinkamas vabzd\u017eia\u0117dis augalas, auginamas m\u0117g\u0117j\u0173 kolekcijose Lietuvoje. Kiek da\u017eniau kai kurias r\u016b\u0161is augina akvarium\u0173 m\u0117g\u0117jai, nor\u0117dami savo sukurtame povandeniniame pasaulyje u\u017eauginti \u017eali\u0105 \u017eema\u016bg\u0117 &#8222;pievel\u0119&#8221;, o kai kurie tinka ir kaip laisvai plaukiojantys augalai. Tokia nepopuliarumo prie\u017eastis turb\u016bt labai paprasta. Skendeniai da\u017eniausiai yra labai ma\u017ei, nei\u0161vaizd\u016bs, substrato pavir\u0161iumi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[75,226,229,307,354,462,464,943,512,529],"class_list":["post-1479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-utricularia","tag-bivalvaria","tag-lamiidae","tag-lentibulariaceae","tag-pakites-stiebas","tag-polypompholyx","tag-skendeniai","tag-skendenis","tag-utricularia","tag-utricularia-vulgaris","tag-vakumines-kameros"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1479","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1479"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1479\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1479"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1479"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.musekautas.lt\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1479"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}